The territory of the Italian Republic is geographically and culturally very diverse. Inside the living terrioty live traditions and identity very different. In this rich heritage of folklore, with provincial and regional particularities known around the world: there are two microstates that rappresent a unique case in the history: the Republic of San Marino and Vatican City State, two of the smallest sovereign nations in the world.

In particular, the Vatican State is entirely linked to the history of Rome. The Vatican City is actually a very special enclave, as all its small territory is contained within the urban texture of Rome.

The Vatican is a State inside of another state, or better, inside an other city, from which it is politically full independent. In fact, the Vatican has its own currency, its flag, its own courts, police forces and diplomatic representatives around the world.

The only parts open to tourists in the territory of the Vatican are the Saint Peter Piazza, which marks its boundaries, and the Vatican Museums. The Vatican has only about 700 people, some of whom are involved in the safety of small sovereign territory. To guard the borders, there are the famous Swiss Guards and the Vatican Gendarmerie, which also perform tasks of representation, ceremonial and of course they are involved in the safety of the Pope

The Pope is the sovereign of the world's smallest state. It 's also an absolute monarch, the only actually in  Europe and in its hands are focused esecutive, legislative and judical powers. He is an elected monarch. The Basilica of St. Peter is the only area of the State where, thanks to agreements with Italy, the police of the Italian Republic has access. They ensure the security of this majestic and beautiful place.

The ordinary administration of the affairs of the small state are managed by the Vatican Governorate, which is responsable of the management of state enterprises, such as numismatics, television and the telephone company. The Vatican is linked to Italy by special agreements, called the Lateran Pacts. allowing the small state of the Pope to have a full independence maintaining full functionality of its essential services.

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